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	<title>Science &#38; SpaceCategory: Biology &#124; Science &#38; Space &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Science &#38; SpaceCategory: Biology &#124; Science &#38; Space &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Solved! The Mystery of the Maddening Itch</title>
		<link>http://science.time.com/2013/05/23/solved-the-mystery-of-the-maddening-itch/</link>
		<comments>http://science.time.com/2013/05/23/solved-the-mystery-of-the-maddening-itch/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2013 18:00:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Michael D. Lemonick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://science.time.com/?p=15437</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[O.K., so it doesn’t quite rank up there with unraveling the cause of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. But with mosquito and poison-ivy season on the way, plenty of folks would be grateful for an answer to a more mundane question: What is the neurological basis of the pruritic response? Or in plain English: Why do we itch? At least part of that mystery has now been solved by scientists at one of the less celebrated units of the National Institutes of Health. Writing in Science, molecular biologists working at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research report that a molecule known as neuropeptide natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb) that is released by nerve cells far from the actual itch site triggers an electrochemical cascade that ultimately tells the brain it’s time to get scratching. “This is an important breakthrough,” says Sarah E. Ross, a neurobiologist at the University of Pittsburgh. It was also, says the report’s senior author, Mark Hoon, “really fun work. It was like a roller coaster of discovery.” That may sound a little over the top when the subject is itching, but chronic itch caused by dry skin, psoriasis, diabetes or even liver disease can be maddening, and the cause has long been a true medical mystery. “The classical view,” says Hoon, “was that a single class of nerve cells detected both itch and pain.” According to this theory, the type and intensity of the stimulus told the cells which sensory message to send up to the brain. The nervous system would then respond accordingly. (MORE: Revealed: The Mystery of Bubbles — and Clouds Too) At one level, the theory is correct: pain and itch, as well as heat, are all transmitted by a class of nerve cells known as TRPV1-expressing neurons. When scientists use genetic engineering to create mice that don’t have these cells, the animals don&#8217;t feel any of those three sensations. But over the past five or 10 years, says Hoon, research in his own group, and also what he calls “some beautiful work<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=science.time.com&#038;blog=13785469&#038;post=15437&#038;subd=timeecocentric&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Biology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://science.time.com/category/biology-2/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeecocentric.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/wp74598840.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">The Mystery of the Itch</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">jkluger</media:title>
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		<title>Denizens of the Deep: Alexander Semenov&#8217;s Pictures of Undersea Creatures</title>
		<link>http://science.time.com/2013/01/15/denizens-of-the-deep-alexander-semenovs-pictures-of-undersea-creatures/</link>
		<comments>http://science.time.com/2013/01/15/denizens-of-the-deep-alexander-semenovs-pictures-of-undersea-creatures/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2013 12:00:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kari Collins</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ecocentric]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marine Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wildlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ocean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[undersea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://science.time.com/?p=12910</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Growing up in Russia, Alexander Semenov was fascinated by the undersea world. For most of us, a few trips to the aquarium and the occasional scuba dive would be enough to scratch that itch. But Semenov has gone a little further. A 2007 graduate of Moscow State University, Semenov is a zoologist who works at the White Sea Biological Station (WSBS) in northwestern Russia, a major base for marine science research and sustainable coastal management. Semenov is chief of the diving team, which allows him to indulge his love of the deep. &#8220;When I had the opportunity to go diving and see all these things with my own eyes, it was like a dream come true,&#8221; he told me in an email. &#8220;This is another universe, very close to us.&#8221; But what sets Semenov apart is his ability behind a lens. He&#8217;s one of the best undersea photographers working today, and with his camera he&#8217;s been able to bring back images of that other universe, and the strange creatures that call it home. It isn&#8217;t easy—he points out that the conditions of taking photographs deep underwater can be technically complex. Some of the sealife he shoots are virtually transparent, and tiny—less than an inch in size. And of course, as a diver in the open water, Semenov is shooting without any support, simply floating in the water column. (Beginning scuba divers, like me, know how difficult it is to stay still and balanced underwater while on a dive.) And this is in water that&#8217;s only a few degrees above freezing, when visibility is only a few feet at most. He also shoots in laboratory settings, which can be seen in the shots that follow. (PHOTOS: Australia&#8217;s Deep-Sea Creatures) As Semenov told me, though, there&#8217;s something special about photographing in the deep: At the depth in the dark, among the endless muddy fields suspended by one awkward movement, there are a lot of difficulties. But after a few years of work under the water, it all moves into the background, and<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=science.time.com&#038;blog=13785469&#038;post=12910&#038;subd=timeecocentric&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Wildlife</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://science.time.com/category/animals-2/wildlife/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeecocentric.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/4042922323_e8ff3bfcb7_o.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Sea Creatures</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">kcollins1271</media:title>
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		<title>Tiny Beauties: Visions From Under the Microscope</title>
		<link>http://science.time.com/2012/12/17/tiny-beauties-visions-from-under-the-microscope/</link>
		<comments>http://science.time.com/2012/12/17/tiny-beauties-visions-from-under-the-microscope/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Dec 2012 14:57:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kari Collins</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[butterfly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[claw]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[larva]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[micro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[microscope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[olympus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small tiny]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://science.time.com/?p=12357</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The folks at Olympus know a thing or two about what makes a pretty picture. One thing they appreciate is that the most striking images are often the ones that are too small to see. That&#8217;s why they&#8217;re now in their tenth year of sponsoring the Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging competition, soliciting photographs captured under the microscope by competitors from around the world. Of the thousands of Images they received this year, the 10 that follow were the winners. The first place finisher receives either an Olympus microscope or camera equipment, both valued at $5,000. The rest of us get some of the most improbably beautiful sights we&#8217;d otherwise never hope to see.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=science.time.com&#038;blog=13785469&#038;post=12357&#038;subd=timeecocentric&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Biology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://science.time.com/category/biology-2/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeecocentric.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/2012-hm-knight.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Soldier Fly</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">kcollins1271</media:title>
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		<title>Tiny Wonders: Beauty in Miniature</title>
		<link>http://science.time.com/2012/11/01/beauty-in-miniature/</link>
		<comments>http://science.time.com/2012/11/01/beauty-in-miniature/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Nov 2012 09:00:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kari Collins</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[competition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coral]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[embryo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fossil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[macro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[micorscope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[micro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nettle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nikon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[organ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spider]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[starfish]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://science.time.com/?p=11328</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Microscopic scenes from our amazing planet, Nikon&#8217;s Small World competition reveals more than meets the eye.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=science.time.com&#038;blog=13785469&#038;post=11328&#038;subd=timeecocentric&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Biology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://science.time.com/category/biology-2/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeecocentric.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/8.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Mineral slab of agate</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">kcollins1271</media:title>
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