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	<title>Science &#38; SpaceCategory: Rainforest &#124; Science &#38; Space &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Science &#38; SpaceCategory: Rainforest &#124; Science &#38; Space &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Did Climate Change Kill the Mayans?</title>
		<link>http://science.time.com/2012/11/09/mayans/</link>
		<comments>http://science.time.com/2012/11/09/mayans/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Nov 2012 13:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Kluger</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rainforest]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://science.time.com/?p=11636</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are a lot of things that didn&#8217;t kill the Mayans: asteroid strikes, planet-wide quakes, global cataclysms prophesied by  shamans and etched into ancient calendars. What did wipe them out was likely something that is far less mystical, and indeed is entirely familiar to modern civilizations: climate change. If you want a look at what we could face in the decades and  centuries ahead, look at what one of the world&#8217;s greatest cultures suffered a millennium ago. That&#8217;s the conclusion of a  newly released study and what it lacks in Hollywood-friendly drama, it makes up in sound — and scary — science. The arc of the Mayan rise and fall is well known: The civilization first took hold in 1,800 BC, in the Central American region that now includes and surrounds Guatemala. It grew slowly until about 250 A.D. At that point, a great expansion of the culture — known to archaeologists as the Classic Period —  began and continued to 900 A.D., yielding the architectural, political and textual artifacts that have so mesmerized scientists. But a decline began around 800 A.D. and led to a final collapse about 300 years later. The Mayan arc was  hardly smooth and steady, and there were periods of turbulence and decline even during the golden era. The great settlement of El Mirador, which once might have been home to 100,000 people, collapsed around 300 A.D, for example. From the fifth to eighth centuries A.D., there was an explosion of the rich tablet texts that provided so many insights into how the Mayans lived and worked. Suddenly, however,  starting in 775 A.D., the number of texts began to plunge by as much as 50%, a bellwether of a culture that was declining too. (More: How the Drought of 2012 Will Make Your Food More Expensive) There have been a lot of theories for what accounted for such cycles, with climate among the most-mentioned. The better the year-to-year weather — with plenty of rainfall and reasonably steady and predictable temperatures — the better crops do,<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=science.time.com&#038;blog=13785469&#038;post=11636&#038;subd=timeecocentric&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Rainforest</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://science.time.com/category/climate-science/rainforest-climate-science/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeecocentric.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/49324_web.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">The interior of Yok Balum cave in Belize, where scientists harvested a telltale stalagmite</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">jkluger</media:title>
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		<title>How Fungi Create the Amazon&#8217;s Clouds</title>
		<link>http://science.time.com/2012/09/05/how-fungi-create-the-amazons-clouds/</link>
		<comments>http://science.time.com/2012/09/05/how-fungi-create-the-amazons-clouds/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2012 12:00:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Veronique Greenwood</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Rainforest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clear-cutting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clouds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[potassium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rainforest]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://science.time.com/?p=10433</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When you mess with the Amazon rainforest you mess with a lot of things — 2.5 million species of insects, 40,000 species of plants, 1,300 species of birds, and those are only the known ones. The 1.4 billion of acres of thriving, sprawling biology that cover the Amazon help drive the very metabolism of a continent. And now it appears that the rainforest is at least partly responsible for something else: the Amazonian clouds themselves. Clear-cut the land and you could, in effect, clear-cut the sky. That improbable idea comes courtesy of a  paper just released in the journal Science, the product of work done by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany. The clouds in the Amazon, just like everywhere else, consist of water vapor clinging to tiny clumps of carbon compounds. In forested areas, the carbon compounds are byproducts of plants&#8217; metabolism; in populated areas, they are often from human pollution. Most of the time, atmospheric chemists can see the carbon clumping taking place; when the microscopic bits reach a certain size, they are able to attract and hold water. In the Amazon, the clumps seem to appear out of nowhere, nearly fully formed. No one has ever been able to catch them in the act of coming together. (PHOTOS: Brazil&#8217;s Controversial Belo Monte Dam) Max Planck graduate student Christopher Pohlker traveled to a pristine stretch of forest in Brazil to see if he could solve the riddle. He gathered a bit of rainforest air, using an instrument that sucks a sample through a fine nozzle and sprays it onto a ceramic square half a millimeter on each side, where any microscopic airborne particles get stuck. To figure out the chemical make-up of those particles, he and his colleagues brought the squares to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California and placed them in the facility&#8217;s synchrotron, where X-rays of varying energies were fired at the collected specks. The specific frequencies that were absorbed could reveal the samples&#8217; chemical makeup. What the researchers found was<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=science.time.com&#038;blog=13785469&#038;post=10433&#038;subd=timeecocentric&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Rainforest</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://science.time.com/category/climate-science/rainforest-climate-science/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeecocentric.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/na0089271.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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