Population size: 100 to 160 individuals
The tiny bamboo lemur—so-named because its powerful jaws can chew through tough bamboo—is found in Madagascar, the African island that is home to more endangered species per mile than any other country in the world. The bamboo lemur was actually believed to be extinct for nearly 50 years before it was rediscovered in 1972. But it’s revival may be temporary—the lemur’s rainforest habitat is being slash and burnt for agriculture.
(PHOTOS: Imagining the Future Animal)